# RCAIDE/Library/Compoments/Powertrain/Sources/Batteries/Lithium_Ion_LiNiMnCoO2_18650.py
#
#
# Created: Mar 2024, M. Clarke
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# IMPORT
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RCAIDE imports
import RCAIDE
from RCAIDE.Framework.Core import Units , Data
from .Generic_Battery_Module import Generic_Battery_Module
from RCAIDE.Library.Methods.Powertrain.Sources.Batteries.Lithium_Ion_NMC import *
# package imports
import numpy as np
import os
from scipy.interpolate import RegularGridInterpolator
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Lithium_Ion_NMC
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[docs]
class Lithium_Ion_NMC(Generic_Battery_Module):
"""
Class for modeling 18650-format lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide batteries
Attributes
----------
tag : str
Identifier for the battery module (default: 'lithium_ion_nmc')
maximum_energy : float
Maximum energy storage capacity [J] (default: 0.0)
maximum_power : float
Maximum power output [W] (default: 0.0)
maximum_voltage : float
Maximum voltage output [V] (default: 0.0)
cell : Data
Cell-specific properties
- chemistry : str
Battery chemistry type (default: 'LiNiMnCoO2')
- diameter : float
Cell diameter [m] (default: 0.0185)
- height : float
Cell height [m] (default: 0.0653)
- mass : float
Cell mass [kg] (default: 0.048)
- surface_area : float
Total cell surface area [m^2]
- volume : float
Cell volume [m^3]
- density : float
Cell density [kg/m^3]
- electrode_area : float
Active electrode area [m^2] (default: 0.0342)
- maximum_voltage : float
Maximum cell voltage [V] (default: 4.2)
- nominal_capacity : float
Rated capacity [Ah] (default: 3.8)
- nominal_voltage : float
Nominal operating voltage [V] (default: 3.6)
- charging_voltage : float
Charging voltage [V] (default: nominal_voltage)
- resistance : float
Internal resistance [Ohms] (default: 0.025)
- specific_heat_capacity : float
Cell specific heat [J/kgK] (default: 1108)
- radial_thermal_conductivity : float
Radial thermal conductivity [W/mK] (default: 0.4)
- axial_thermal_conductivity : float
Axial thermal conductivity [W/mK] (default: 32.2)
- discharge_performance_map : RegularGridInterpolator
Interpolator for voltage vs discharge characteristics
Notes
-----
The NMC cell model includes detailed thermal and electrical characteristics
based on 18650-format cells. The model includes forced air cooling assumptions
with a convective heat transfer coefficient for 35 m/s airflow.
References
----------
[1] Jeon, D. H., & Baek, S. M. (2011). Thermal modeling of cylindrical
lithium ion battery during discharge cycle. Energy Conversion and Management,
52(8-9), 2973-2981.
[2] Yang, S., et al. (2019). A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management
System Strategies and the Evaluate Criteria. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 14,
6077-6107.
[3] Muenzel, V., et al. (2015). A comparative testing study of commercial
18650-format lithium-ion battery cells. Journal of The Electrochemical
Society, 162(8), A1592.
See Also
--------
RCAIDE.Library.Components.Powertrain.Sources.Battery_Modules.Generic_Battery_Module
Base battery module class
"""
def __defaults__(self):
"""This sets the default values.
Assumptions:
Convective Thermal Conductivity Coefficient corresponds to forced
air cooling in 35 m/s air
Source:
convective heat transfer coefficient, h
Jeon, Dong Hyup, and Seung Man Baek. "Thermal modeling of cylindrical
lithium ion battery during discharge cycle." Energy Conversion and Management
52.8-9 (2011): 2973-2981.
thermal conductivity, k
Yang, Shuting, et al. "A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management
System Strategies and the Evaluate Criteria." Int. J. Electrochem. Sci 14
(2019): 6077-6107.
specific heat capacity, Cp
(axial and radial)
Yang, Shuting, et al. "A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management
System Strategies and the Evaluate Criteria." Int. J. Electrochem. Sci 14
(2019): 6077-6107.
# Electrode Area
Muenzel, Valentin, et al. "A comparative testing study of commercial
18650-format lithium-ion battery cells." Journal of The Electrochemical
Society 162.8 (2015): A1592.
"""
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Module Level Properties
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
self.tag = 'lithium_ion_nmc'
self.maximum_energy = 0.0
self.maximum_power = 0.0
self.maximum_voltage = 0.0
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Cell Level Properties
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
self.cell.chemistry = 'LiNiMnCoO2'
self.cell.diameter = 0.0185 # [m]
self.cell.height = 0.0653 # [m]
self.cell.mass = 0.048 * Units.kg # [kg]
self.cell.surface_area = (np.pi*self.cell.height*self.cell.diameter) + (0.5*np.pi*self.cell.diameter**2) # [m^2]
self.cell.volume = np.pi*(0.5*self.cell.diameter)**2*self.cell.height
self.cell.density = self.cell.mass/self.cell.volume # [kg/m^3]
self.cell.electrode_area = 0.0342 # [m^2]
self.cell.maximum_voltage = 4.2 # [V]
self.cell.nominal_capacity = 3.8 # [Amp-Hrs]
self.cell.nominal_voltage = 3.6 # [V]
self.cell.charging_voltage = self.cell.nominal_voltage # [V]
self.cell.watt_hour_rating = self.cell.nominal_capacity * self.cell.nominal_voltage # [Watt-hours]
self.cell.specific_energy = self.cell.watt_hour_rating*Units.Wh/self.cell.mass # [J/kg]
self.cell.specific_power = self.cell.specific_energy/self.cell.nominal_capacity # [W/kg]
self.cell.resistance = 0.025 # [Ohms]
self.cell.specific_heat_capacity = 1108 # [J/kgK]
self.cell.radial_thermal_conductivity = 0.4 # [J/kgK]
self.cell.axial_thermal_conductivity = 32.2 # [J/kgK] # estimated
battery_raw_data = load_battery_results()
self.cell.discharge_performance_map = create_discharge_performance_map(battery_raw_data)
return
[docs]
def energy_calc(self,state,bus,coolant_lines, t_idx, delta_t):
"""
Computes the state of the NMC battery cell
This method calculates the battery's electrical performance and thermal
behavior during operation, including voltage, current, power, and
temperature distributions.
Parameters
----------
state : Data
Current system state containing:
- Temperature distributions
- Power demands
- Operating conditions
bus : Component
Connected electrical bus containing:
- Voltage requirements
- Power requirements
- Load characteristics
coolant_lines : Component
Thermal management system containing:
- Coolant properties
- Flow conditions
- Heat exchanger parameters
t_idx : int
Current time index in the simulation
delta_t : float
Time step size [s]
Returns
-------
stored_results_flag : bool
Flag indicating if results were stored for future reuse
stored_battery_tag : str
Identifier for stored battery state data
Notes
-----
The calculation includes:
- Voltage and current based on load demand
- Heat generation from internal resistance
- Thermal distribution with cooling effects
- State of charge tracking
"""
stored_results_flag, stored_battery_tag = compute_nmc_cell_performance(self,state,bus,coolant_lines, t_idx,delta_t)
return stored_results_flag, stored_battery_tag
[docs]
def reuse_stored_data(self,state,bus,stored_results_flag, stored_battery_tag):
reuse_stored_nmc_cell_data(self,state,bus,stored_results_flag, stored_battery_tag)
return
[docs]
def update_battery_age(self,segment,battery_conditions,increment_battery_age_by_one_day = False):
"""
Updates battery aging parameters based on usage and environmental conditions
This method tracks battery degradation by considering factors such as:
cycle count, depth of discharge, temperature exposure, and calendar aging.
Parameters
----------
segment : Segment
Flight segment containing:
- Duration
- Operating conditions
- Power profile
battery_conditions : Data
Battery state data including:
- Temperature history
- Current rates
- State of charge history
increment_battery_age_by_one_day : bool, optional
Flag to increment calendar age (default: False)
Notes
-----
The aging model accounts for:
- Capacity fade from cycling
- Calendar aging effects
- Temperature-dependent degradation
- Current rate impacts
"""
update_nmc_cell_age(self,segment,battery_conditions,increment_battery_age_by_one_day)
return
[docs]
def load_battery_results():
'''Load experimental raw data of NMC cells
Assumptions:
Ideal gas
Source:
Automotive Industrial Systems Company of Panasonic Group, Technical Information of
NCR18650G, URL https://www.imrbatteries.com/content/panasonic_ncr18650g.pdf
Args:
None
Returns:
battery_data: raw data from battery [unitless]
'''
ospath = os.path.abspath(__file__)
separator = os.path.sep
rel_path = os.path.dirname(ospath) + separator
return RCAIDE.load(rel_path+ 'NMC_Raw_Data.res')
