RCAIDE.Library.Components.Powertrain.Sources.Battery_Modules.Lithium_Ion_NMC

Lithium_Ion_NMC#

class Lithium_Ion_NMC(*args, **kwarg)[source]#

Bases: Generic_Battery_Module

Class for modeling 18650-format lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide batteries

tag#

Identifier for the battery module (default: ‘lithium_ion_nmc’)

Type:

str

maximum_energy#

Maximum energy storage capacity [J] (default: 0.0)

Type:

float

maximum_power#

Maximum power output [W] (default: 0.0)

Type:

float

maximum_voltage#

Maximum voltage output [V] (default: 0.0)

Type:

float

cell#
Cell-specific properties
  • chemistrystr

    Battery chemistry type (default: ‘LiNiMnCoO2’)

  • diameterfloat

    Cell diameter [m] (default: 0.0185)

  • heightfloat

    Cell height [m] (default: 0.0653)

  • massfloat

    Cell mass [kg] (default: 0.048)

  • surface_areafloat

    Total cell surface area [m^2]

  • volumefloat

    Cell volume [m^3]

  • densityfloat

    Cell density [kg/m^3]

  • electrode_areafloat

    Active electrode area [m^2] (default: 0.0342)

  • maximum_voltagefloat

    Maximum cell voltage [V] (default: 4.2)

  • nominal_capacityfloat

    Rated capacity [Ah] (default: 3.8)

  • nominal_voltagefloat

    Nominal operating voltage [V] (default: 3.6)

  • charging_voltagefloat

    Charging voltage [V] (default: nominal_voltage)

  • resistancefloat

    Internal resistance [Ohms] (default: 0.025)

  • specific_heat_capacityfloat

    Cell specific heat [J/kgK] (default: 1108)

  • radial_thermal_conductivityfloat

    Radial thermal conductivity [W/mK] (default: 0.4)

  • axial_thermal_conductivityfloat

    Axial thermal conductivity [W/mK] (default: 32.2)

  • discharge_performance_mapRegularGridInterpolator

    Interpolator for voltage vs discharge characteristics

Type:

Data

Notes

The NMC cell model includes detailed thermal and electrical characteristics based on 18650-format cells. The model includes forced air cooling assumptions with a convective heat transfer coefficient for 35 m/s airflow.

References

[1] Jeon, D. H., & Baek, S. M. (2011). Thermal modeling of cylindrical

lithium ion battery during discharge cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(8-9), 2973-2981.

[2] Yang, S., et al. (2019). A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management

System Strategies and the Evaluate Criteria. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 14, 6077-6107.

[3] Muenzel, V., et al. (2015). A comparative testing study of commercial

18650-format lithium-ion battery cells. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 162(8), A1592.

See also

RCAIDE.Library.Components.Powertrain.Sources.Battery_Modules.Generic_Battery_Module

Base battery module class

energy_calc(state, bus, coolant_lines, t_idx, delta_t)[source]#

Computes the state of the NMC battery cell

This method calculates the battery’s electrical performance and thermal behavior during operation, including voltage, current, power, and temperature distributions.

Parameters:

  • state (Data) – Current system state containing: - Temperature distributions - Power demands - Operating conditions

  • bus (Component) – Connected electrical bus containing: - Voltage requirements - Power requirements - Load characteristics

  • coolant_lines (Component) – Thermal management system containing: - Coolant properties - Flow conditions - Heat exchanger parameters

  • t_idx (int) – Current time index in the simulation

  • delta_t (float) – Time step size [s]

Returns:

  • stored_results_flag (bool) – Flag indicating if results were stored for future reuse

  • stored_battery_tag (str) – Identifier for stored battery state data

Notes

The calculation includes: - Voltage and current based on load demand - Heat generation from internal resistance - Thermal distribution with cooling effects - State of charge tracking

reuse_stored_data(state, bus, stored_results_flag, stored_battery_tag)[source]#
update_battery_age(segment, battery_conditions, increment_battery_age_by_one_day=False)[source]#

Updates battery aging parameters based on usage and environmental conditions

This method tracks battery degradation by considering factors such as: cycle count, depth of discharge, temperature exposure, and calendar aging.

Parameters:

  • segment (Segment) – Flight segment containing: - Duration - Operating conditions - Power profile

  • battery_conditions (Data) – Battery state data including: - Temperature history - Current rates - State of charge history

  • increment_battery_age_by_one_day (bool, optional) – Flag to increment calendar age (default: False)

Notes

The aging model accounts for: - Capacity fade from cycling - Calendar aging effects - Temperature-dependent degradation - Current rate impacts

create_discharge_performance_map(raw_data)[source]#

Creates discharge and charge response surface for a LiNiMnCoO2 battery cell

Parameters:

raw_data (Data) –

Container with experimental battery data including: - Voltage : array

Discharge voltage curves at different currents and temperatures

  • Temperaturearray

    Cell temperature profiles during discharge

Returns:

battery_data – Container with interpolation functions: - Voltage : RegularGridInterpolator

Predicts voltage based on [current, temperature, SOC]

  • TemperatureRegularGridInterpolator

    Predicts cell temperature based on [current, temperature, SOC]

Return type:

Data

Notes

The function creates 3D interpolations for: - Voltage as function of current (0-8A), temperature (0-50°C), and SOC (0-1) - Temperature rise as function of same parameters

Uses regular grid interpolation for smooth predictions across the operating space.

load_battery_results()[source]#

Load experimental raw data of NMC cells

Assumptions:

Ideal gas

Source:

Automotive Industrial Systems Company of Panasonic Group, Technical Information of NCR18650G, URL https://www.imrbatteries.com/content/panasonic_ncr18650g.pdf

Parameters:

None

Returns:

raw data from battery [unitless]

Return type:

battery_data